Childhood Influences On The Subconscious Mind

Incoming information into the subconscious head mind have the ability to modify, wipe out or replace existent information. This agency that beliefs formed during childhood can future be altered in your grownup old age of life.

However it is often much harder to reprogram a head when you are older, because information have got already been stored into it which the head now utilizes to compare against new incoming information.

The Consequence Of Childhood Influences

For example, if as a kid you were constantly told that you volition never amount to much in life, you would mostly likely turn up with mediocre ego regard and deficiency a belief that you are capable of success.

Essentially your head was programmed not to accomplish success, and it will move out this limiting belief in your hereafter actions, preventing you from achieving any success you travel after.

Subconscious Beliefs And Self Sabotage

The most common manner this happens is by ego sabotage, whereby you unconsciously undermine your opportunities of success or happiness, usually just before they occur.

Although consciously you may not like to fail, subconsciously, because your head have been programmed to fail, that is what your head believes is best for you.

Modifying The Mind

However we are not all doomed by our limiting beliefs in the subconscious, because new information have the ability to change these limiting beliefs into beliefs that will better and enrich your life.

So for example, if you were constantly set down by your parents as a child, but in your later old age of life people kept telling you how fantastic and great you are, your subconscious head head head is forced to reexamine its former beliefs, and eventually will follow the new belief that you now rate success and happiness.

Unfortunately most people are not told how fantastic and great they are by the people they meet, and so in order to reprogram the mind they must make it themselves.

This is typically a slow procedure as you are trying to change or take beliefs that have existed for many years, and which are therefore deeply engrained into the mind. However there are techniques to rush up the charge per unit at which beliefs can be changed. You can happen out about these assorted techniques by visiting the website listed below.

Common Misconceptions About Psychotherapy

Some thoughts about therapy show up so often in fiction I happen myself wondering how many authors are using them deliberately and how many just don't recognize they're inaccurate. Here are six of the most common, along with some information on more than criterion current practice.

1. You lie on a couch

Reality: Therapy clients don't lie on a couch; some therapists' business offices don't even have got couches.

So where did this come up from? Sigmund Sigmund Freud had his patients lie on a sofa so he could sit down in a chair behind their heads. Why? No deep psychological ground -- he just didn't like people looking at him.

There are a batch of grounds modern therapy clients wouldn't be happy with this. Imagine telling person about hard or awkward experiences and not only not being able to see them, but having them respond with silence. Why on Earth would you desire to travel back?

The ideal curative setup, and they actually learn this in alumnus school, is to have got both chairs turned inward at about a 20 grade angle(give or take about 10 degrees), usually with 8 or 10 feet between them. Often the healer and the client end up facing each other because they turn toward each other in their chairs, but with this apparatus the client doesn't experience like s/he's being confronted.

Even if there is a sofa in the room, the therapist's chair will almost invariably be turned at an angle to it.

2. Therapists analyse everyone

Reality: Therapists don't analyse people any more than than the norm person, and sometimes less often.

Ironically, only people trained in Freud's make-the-patient-lie-on-the-couch-and-free-associate-about-Mother attack (aka psychoanalysis) are taught to analyse at all. All other healers are taught to understand why people make things, but it takes a batch of energy to calculate people out. And to be very frank, while healers are usually protective folks who desire to assist their clients, in day-to-day life they're dealing with their ain issues and don't necessarily have got the clip or space to care about everyone else's jobs or behaviors.

And the last thing most healers desire to hear about in their trim clip is strangers' problems. Therapists acquire paid to cover with other people's jobs for a reason!

3. Therapists have got got sexual activity with their clients

Reality: Therapists never, ever, ever have sexual activity with their clients, or the friends or household members of clients, if they desire to maintain their licenses.

That includes sexual activity therapists. Sexual Activity healers don't watch their clients have got sex, or inquire them to experimentation in the office. Sexual Activity therapy is often about educating and addressing human relationship problems, since those are two of the most common grounds people have got got sexual problems.

Therapists aren't supposed to have sexual activity with former clients, either. The regulation is that if two old age have got got passed and the former client and healer tally into each other and somehow hit it off (ie this wasn't planned), the healer won't be thrown out of professional organisations and have licences revoked. But in most lawsuits other healers will still see them as suspect.

The logical thinking behind this is simple -- healers are to listen and assist without involving their ain issues or needs, which makes a powerfulness derived function that's hard to overcome.

And truth be told, the functions healers play in their business offices are only aspects of who they really are. Therapists focusing all of their attending on clients without ever complaining about their ain concerns or insecurities.

When people believe they desire to be friends, they usually desire to be friends with the therapist, not the person, and a true friendly relationship affects sharing power, and flaws, and taking attention of each other to some extent. Getting to cognize a healer as a existent individual can be disenchanting, because now they desire to speak about themselves and their ain issues!

4. It's all about your female parent (or childhood, or past...)

Reality: One subdivision of psychotherapeutic theory focuses on childhood and the unconscious. The remainder don't.

Psychodynamic theory kept Freud's psychoanalytical belief that early childhood and unconscious chemical mechanisms are of import to later problems, but most modern practicians cognize that we're exposed to a batch of influences in day-to-day life that are just as important.

Some healers will flat-out state you your past isn't of import if it's not directly relevant to the current problem. Some believe extended treatment of the past is an effort to get away duty (Gestalt therapy) or maintain from actively working to change (some types of cognitive-behavioral theory). Some believe that the societal and cultural environments we dwell in today are what do jobs (systems, feminist, and multicultural therapies).

5. electroconvulsive therapy is painful and used to penalize bad patients

Reality: Electro-convulsive treatment (in the past, called electro-shock treatment) is a rare, last-resort treatment for clients who have got got been in and out of the infirmary for suicidality, and for whom more than traditional treatments, like medications, haven't worked. In some cases, the client is so down she can't make the work to acquire better until her encephalon chemical science is working more than effectively.

By the clip electroconvulsive therapy is a consideration, some clients are eager to seek it. They've tried everything else and just desire to experience better. When decease experiences like your lone other option, having person tally a painless current through your encephalon while you're asleep doesn't sound like such as a bad idea.

ECT is not painful, nor make you jitter or shake. Patients are given a musculus relaxant, and because it's frightening to experience paralyzed, they're also briefly placed under general anesthesia. Electrodes are usually attached to only one side of the head, and the current is introduced in short pulses, causing a expansive mal seizure. Doctors supervise the electrical activity on a screen.

The ictus do the encephalon green goods and usage serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine, all encephalon chemicals that are low when person is depressed. Some people aftermath up feeling like a miracle have occurred. Respective Sessions are usually required to keep the changes, and then the individual tin be switched to antidepressant drugs and/or other medications.

ECT is no more than unsafe than any other process administered under general anesthesia, and many of the possible side personal effects (confusion, memory disturbance, nausea) may be as much a consequence of the anaesthesia as the treatment itself.

6. "Schizophrenia" is the same thing as having "multiple personalities"

Reality: Schizophrenia is a biological upset with a familial basis. It usually do hallucinations and/or psychotic beliefs (strong thoughts that spell against cultural norms and are not supported by reality), along with a impairment in normal day-to-day functioning. Some people with schizophrenic disorder go periodically catatonic, have got paranoid thoughts, or act in a disorganized manner. They may talk strangely, becoming digressive (wandering verbally, often in a manner that doesn't do sense to the listener) using nelogisms (made up words), clangor associations (rhyming) or, in utmost cases, producing word salads (sentences that sound like a clump of jumbled words and may or may not be grammatically correct).

Dissociative Identity Disorder (formerly multiple personality disorder) is caused by trauma. In some insulting situations, the normal defence chemical mechanism of dissociation may be used to "split off" memories of trauma. In DID, the split also includes the portion of the "core" personality attached to that memory or series of memories. The dissociated personal identity often have its ain name, traits, and quirks; and may or may not age at the same charge per unit as the remainder of the personality (or personalities), if it ages at all.

Therefore, referring to oneself as "schizo" or "schizoid" or "schizophrenic" when one intends one have an change egotism or contradictory personality traits do no sense (and is guaranteed to do the psychologically savvy wince)!

Fundamentals of Cognitive Psychology

This article will discourse research and grounds in support of a unitary memory shop and in support of a dichotomous approach. A unitary shop connotes that a single system for short-term and long-term memory bes and that they happen along a continuum. They are able to interact and happen within each other, for example, long-term learning can happen within short-term memory tasks. A dichotomous attack positions short-term and long-term memory supplies as being separate components. They are independent of each other and, although they are able to share information, for example, short-term memories are transferred to long-term memory, they make not happen across a continuum. Studies by Chester A. Arthur Melton (1963), Donald Hebb (1961, cited in Melton, A. 1963) and Publius Ovidius Naso Tzeng (1973), described in this article, supply support in favor of the unitary memory store. Experimental grounds from Glanzer and Cunitz (1966, cited in Baddeley, 1997) and Glanzer (1972, cited in Baddeley, 1997) support the attack to divide supplies of memory. Studies by Milner (1966, cited in Baddeley, 1997) and Shallice and Warrington (1970) of patients with memory loss owed to encephalon harm have got provided information that throws with the suggestion that separate supplies exist.

Short-term memory (STM) is a shop that holds a limited amount of information for a limited amount of time, usually a few seconds. The short-term memory can hive away information that have recently been provided, information that have been retrieved from long-term memory or information that have been recently processed. Long-term memory (LTM) supplies information that have meaning and can throw it for any amount of time, from 30 secs to decades. Rehearsal can shift information from the short-term to long-term memory store, as long as dry run happens before the information have been forgotten.

Many intervention theorists, such as as Chester A. Arthur Melton (1963) claim that short-term memory and long-term memory are portion of a single continuum, or unitary store. Intervention is the procedure of a memory follow being disrupted by another and therefore forgetting or, maybe just alterations, of the disrupted memory follow happens (Baddeley, A. 1997). Melton (1963) used the Peterson undertaking devised by Peterson and Peterson (1859, cited in Melton, A. 1963) to demo that when an physical object is presented a figure of times, i.e. dry run is possible, the degree of keeping is increased. Donald Hebb (1961, cited in Melton, A. 1963) had devised a presentation that Melton integrated into his ain survey to demo grounds of long-term learning in STM. In Hebb's study, participants were given figure sequences, just above the short-term memory span, and asked to immediately remember them. Every 3rd sequence was a perennial sequence, unknown to the participant.

It was establish that the degree of recollection of this sequence increased with the figure of trials, showing long-term learning. Melton (1963) used 80 tests, during which the perennial 9-digit sequence would be intervened by 3, 4, 5 or 8 sequences. His determinations were that as repeat increased so did the mean value figure of figures right in recall. These were used to back up Hebb's determinations and to add support to the theory of a continuum of memory stores. Because repeat lessenings as the figure of intervening Numbers increases, retroactive intervention is increased in the intervening gap. Retroactive intervention happens when a memory is disrupted owed to learning more than information during a keeping period. Up until this clip period of time, intervention theory had been used to explicate forgetting in LTM. Melton argued that the ability to utilize intervention theory to explicate reduced keeping in short-term memory was grounds that long-term memory and short-term memory should be focussed on as a unitary, uninterrupted store. However, if more than than one implicit in system of memory is identified with peculiar tasks, the supplies are not necessarily unitary. If the first 10 letters of the alphabet are recalled correctly, as would be expected, short-term capacity have not suddenly increased as recollection would be owed to former long-term knowledge of the alphabet.

Ovid Tzeng (1973) studied the consequence of recentness in delayed free recall. Four listings of 10 words were used to prove free recall. In the 1st condition, the 'initial recall' group, the listing was given, the participant counted backwards from 20 then wrote the words from the listing in any order. In status 2, the 'final recall' group, the participants counted back from 20 after each word was given then recalled the words at the end of the list. The recentness consequence was establish in both groups. When the series place of the words was compared with the per centum recollection score, the curved shapes for both groupings gave almost indistinguishable trends. Initial recollection should have got had a higher recentness consequence as words should still be available in short-term memory and not transferred to LTM. Counting backwards in the concluding recollection grouping should have got transferred the words to long-term memory and produced small recency. These curved shapes could be used to reason that 'the recentness effects…could be attributed to the same long-term processes' (Tzeng, 1973). Hence, short-term memory and long-term memory can be viewed as a unitary store.

It have since been argued that implicit in systems bring forth the difference in consequences in different public presentation tasks. Evelyn Waugh and Jessye Norman (1965, cited in Baddeley, A. 1997) used the term primary election memory and secondary memory to mention to short-term and long-term memory systems, respectively. Primary and secondary memories are different to short-term memory and long-term memory because they mention to the storage of information, rather than the supplies themselves that clasp the information.

Melton's survey have got provided of import grounds into a unitary memory store, but many surveys since have provided grounds for separate memory stores. Glanzer and Cunitz (1966, cited in Baddeley, 1997) showed, using free recall, that points from the beginning and end of a listing are recalled better than those in the middle. This is called the primacy-recency consequence and can be simply explained by the first words being transferred to the long-term memory and easily retrieved from there during recall. The end words are still available from the short-term memory and so are recalled easily. When the listing is followed by a little filled delay, the recentness consequence cannot be seen. This is because the filled hold have resulted in words in short-term storage being not able to be rehearsed. They cannot be transferred to long-term memory and so they decay. Glanzer (1972, cited in Baddeley, 1997) showed that recentness consequence is unaffected by many variables including acquaintance and presentation charge per unit of the word, the age of the participant or the ability to execute other undertakings at the same time. These variables have got instead been shown to impact primacy effect.

Some of the strongest grounds in support of separate memory supplies come ups from memory loss patients. Milner (1966, cited in Baddeley, 1997) studied a patient called H.M World Health Organization had suffered encephalon harm after surgery to handle epilepsy. H.M could retrieve events from early on in his life, but he had terrible troubles with recent memories and new information. He was able to retrieve events and experience from early life, such as as as how to cut down a lawn, but could not larn in progress experience or retrieve recent events, such as where he left the lawnmower. Although he was severely impaired in learning new information, his short-term memory span was intact. This proposes a combination of a faulty secondary shop and a normal primary store. If memory was unitary, both supplies would be faulty and there would not be a difference between the long-term memory memories of early life and in progress experience. It have been suggested that a seemingly normal short-term memory and faulty long-term memory may be a consequence of short-term memory diagnostic diagnostic tests being easier than long-term memory tests. Therefore, the short-term memory would be less disrupted than LTM.

Shallice and Warrington (1970) studied a patient, K.F., suffering with lesions on his brain. The Peterson task, free recollection and a proactive intervention diagnostic test were used to measure short-term capacity and establish this was greatly reduced. The free recollection showed primacy consequence but no recentness effect. Probe acknowledgment and lacking scan establish that retrieval failure was not the cause of this. K.F.'s public presentation on long-term memory related undertakings showed normal LTM. The suggestion that easiness of short-term memory and long-term memory undertakings impacts the consequences in amnesiac patients cannot business relationship for these results, as the short-term memory undertakings were harder for K.F. than H.M. Type A double-dissociation is presented between these consequences and H.M.'s results. Contrasting disagreements in short-term memory and long-term memory on public presentation undertakings impart strong grounds in support of two separate memory systems.

During the 1960's and 1970's much research was conducted to make up one's mind whether memory bes along a continuum or as two separate stores. Although Melton and Tzeng provided grounds in support for a unitary system that was widely accepted by intervention theoreticians at the time, it have since been assumed that there are two separate stores. Amnesic patients have got provided outstanding supportive grounds that a duplex house house bes and, owed to a bigger measure and quality of support for this theory, the thought of a duplex is now largely accepted as the right attack to memory stores.

Middle Zone Standard Study Of Handwriting

Introduction

There are 3 zones in English writing: Upper (l,h,t,b,etc.), Middle (a,m,n,o,u,e,i,s,v,c,r,w,x,z), and Lower (f,g,j,p,y). The middle zone dominates handwritten expression accounting for over 80 per cent of zonal space. It's the core of the personality expression. The "accepted" standard of 1/8th (.125) inch in some literature and 3 mm in other literature was questioned. A search carried out by the author found no supporting statistics to substantiate that concept. Therefore, a research study was initiated to assess an average (or standard) middle zone size, in general.

Methodology

Two studies were conducted twenty years apart. The information was taken from continuously measured MZ data (normally performed) over that period of time. In other words, all samples had MZ measurements taken for that 20 years with data stored or recorded.

The first study was performed during the years 1978-1979 and involved 500 handwriting specimens. These samples were selected from individuals of 19 years of age and older. There were 250 samples each of males and females. Specimens were not used if the handwriting reflected aging or infirmities. A calibrated, documented caliper capable of measuring in increments of .0005 inch, traceable to the United States national bureau of standards, NIST, was used in the measurement process along with a scientific calculator. Five measurements were made on each of the 500 samples. The measurements were made in the following manner: one from the top of the display, three from the middle of the display and a final one from the end of the display. These measurements were tediously taken at random and recorded. Measurements were made of the down strokes of Middle Zone letters including the slant - not just the vertical height. This must be done because the full length of the down stroke represents the writer and with a 30-degree slant vertical measurement would be erroneous by 100%. A total of 2,500 measurements were recorded.

The second study was performed during the years 1999-2000 and involved 231 handwriting specimens. These samples came from individuals located throughout the United States of America and were received by way of conducting handwriting analyses for either business or personal purposes. There was an approximately equal distribution of males and females. This time a digital, calibrated caliper, connected to a statistical mini-computer, was utilized. This enabled the author to increase ease of sampling in very accurate increments of .0005 inch and traceable to NIST with calibrated, documented instrumentation. This afforded quick and numerous measurements. Over 60 random measurements were made on each sample. Calculated as closely as possible, a total of 13,860 measurements were recorded.

Results

The results tend to be skewed significantly below the generally accepted standards of 1/8th of an inch or 3-mm. Table 1 gives the results from study one and Table 2 gives the results from the second study. The correlation (r) of the two studies is .936, which is extremely high and tends to suggest the consistency between both studies. In the first study, 86.2% of observations were below 1/8th (.125) inch and, in the second study, 78% were below 1/8th inch. Furthermore, the percent below 3-mm (.1182 inch) in both studies was 82% and 72.2%, time respective.

Other results:

- The medians were .100 inch and .094 inch. Again, tending well below 3 mm.


- The standard deviations were exactly the same to 4 places but not beyond. This seemed highly improbable but was checked.


- The modes were less than .100 inch with one exactly the same (.086 inch).

Table 1 1978-1979 Study Results


Intervals for Middle Zone Size in Inches (in) Frequency of Measurement in each Interval Percent of Frequency in each Interval


.039 or Less 0 0


.040-.049 5 1.0


.050-.059 17 3.4


.060-.069 27 5.4


.070-.079 66 13.2


.080-.089 92 18.4


.090-.099 86 17.2


.100-.109 63 12.6


.110-.119 57 11.4


.120-.129 35 7.0


.130-.139 20 4.0


.140-.149 13 2.6


.150-.159 8 1.6


.160-.169 2 .4


.170+ 9 1.8

500 100

Total Samples (N)


Average .098511


Standard Deviation .0264237


Variance .0006968


Median .094


Mode(s) (14 each) .086 & .094


Correlation to "99-'00 Study
(r) = .936


Number of measures 500 x 5 =
2500

Table 2 - 1999-2000 Study Results


Intervals for Middle Zone Size in Inches (in) Frequency in each Interval Percent in each Interval Standard Deviation
Array Frequency

% of each Standard Deviation


.039 or Less 0 0 .005 1 .416


.040-.049 1 .43 .006 0 0


.050-.059 3 1.29 .007 0 0


.060-.069 8 3.46 .008 3 1.250


.070-.079 23 9.95 .009 2 .833


.080-.089 38 16.45 .010 5 2.083


.090-.099 35 15.15 .011 6 2.500


.100-.109 37 16.01 .012 16 6.666


.110-.119 22 9.52 .013 15 6.250


.120-.129 23 9.95 .014 19 7.916


.130-.139 13 5.62 .015 18 7.500


.140-.149 9 3.89 .016 23 9.583


.150-.159 6 2.59 .017 11 4.583


.160-.169 6 2.59 .018 15 6.250


.170+ 7 3.03 .019 10 4.166

.020 14 5.833


Total smp (N) 231* 99.93 .021 16 6.666


Average .10451 .022 3 1.250


Standard Dev. .02644 .023 14 5.833


Median .100 .024 3 1.250


Mode (7) .086 .025 12 5.000


Correlate to .026 9 3.750


"78-"79 Study .027 3 1.250


(r) = .936 .028 3 1.250


Number meas. 231x60 = .029 0 0


13,860 .030 1 .416

.031 2 .833

.032 3 1.250

.033 4 1.666

.034 1 .416

.035 1 .416

.036 4 1.666

.037 0 0

.038 0 0

.039 1 .416

.040 1 .416

.050+ 1 .416

Totals 240* 99.989

Discussion and Conclusion

Although these studies were conducted 21 years apart they demonstrate a correlation to size distribution of (r) .936. Aside from the measurements documented in this report, over 600,000 individual MZ measurements were made by the author since 1977 as standard practice on all analyses. Those measurements continue to reflect the results of these studies.

The overall conclusion tends to indicate that the standard (or average MZ size) is significantly less than the arbitrary 3 mm. The author has used the .098511 inch standard as the "fulcrum" for assessing middle zone size relationships. The studies tend to indicate repeatability, which is the basis for scientific investigation. Similar studies in every country are encouraged to establish a world standard or individual national standards.

A further observation

Additionally, the author has been intrigued by the possibility (and, in the absence of any publication) of a polar-concept to handwriting/printing meaning that there are only two fundamental elements that create any handwriting/printing. We see this binary concept throughout the Universe. To this end, a conclusion has been determined: Pressure and Speed. These are the two essential elements constituting the creation of all writing/printing. Both range from a possible zero value to the capacity of the writer. Some basic explanations are warranted since questions are certain to arise.

A dot or period is the simplest form of speed (moving down) and pressure (against the resistance of the surface). If it is true for a dot then it is true for all writing. Space is the absence of pressure yet incorporates speed for spatial adjustment. Although there will be some controversy, it is the author's belief the conclusion has merit, however, other observations are welcome.

Observations on Study One of MZ Average Size Measurements

Individual Standard Deviations were not recorded in study number one.

1. More than 86% (86.2%) are less than the generally accepted "standard" of 1/8th of an inch (.125") or 3.1725 mm.


2. Only 7% are within the "standard" .120"-.130".


3. Correlation with a similar study ("98-'00) 21 years later is extremely high at r = .936.


4. Confidence limits at 1 SD range from .072" to .124". 66% confidence, results are in this range.


5. Confidence limits at 2 SD range from .045" to .151". 95% confidence, results are in this range.


6. Confidence limits at 3 SD range from .019" to .177". 99% confidence, results are in this range.


7. The average was calculated at .098511 inch well, below the 1/8th inch generally accepted "standard".


8. The standard deviation was calculated at .0264237 inch.


9. The median was .094 inch.


10. The mode(s) were (14 each) .086 inch and .094 inch

Observations on Study Two of MZ Average Size Measurements

1. More than 77% (77.9%) are less than the generally accepted "standard" of 1/8th of an inch (.125") or 3.1725 mm.


2. Only 9.9% within current accepted 'standard' .120"-.130".


3. Correlation with a similar study ("78-'79) 21 years later is extremely high at r =.936.


4. Confidence limits at 1 SD range from .0780" to .1309". 66% confidence results are in this range.


5. Confidence limits at 2 SD range from .0516" to .1573". 95% confidence results are in this range.


6. Confidence limits at 3 SD range from .0252" to .1838". 99% confidence results are in this range.


7. The average was calculated at .10451 inch. Well below the 1/8th inch generally accepted "standard".


8. The standard deviation was calculated at .02644 inch.


9. The median was .100 inch.


10. The mode was .086 inch (7 total)


11. * Recording errors account for differences but have
virtually no effect on results.

Bibliography

Writings, Instruction, Scoring, P Velasco, 1990, self published
Cluster Indicators of Handwriting Elements, J. Cammarata, 1984,
Self-Published


Experiments with Handwriting, Robert Saudek, 1929, William Morrow & Co., NY


The Psychology of Handwriting, Nadya Olyanova, 1960, Sterling Publishing, NY


Studies in Expressive Movement, GW Allport & PE Vernon, 1933, Macmillan, NY


Diagrams of the Unconscious, W Wolff, 1948, Grune & Stratton, NY


The Psychology of Handwriting, Robert Saudek, 1925, Allen & Unwin, London


*Handwriting: A Key to Personality, K Roman, 1975, Noonday Press, NY, page 147.


Thoughts and writings of D Anthony & F Anthony, self published


*Handwriting, An Analysis through Its Symbolism, R Hearns, Vantage, NY, page 36.


Handwriting and Character, D Lucas, 1923, McKay Company, Philadelphia, PA


The Science of Handwriting Analysis, B Rosen, 1965, Bonanza Books, NY


*Analysis of Handwriting, H Jacoby, 1939, Allen & Unwin, London


Handwriting Analysis, TS Lewinson & J Zubin, 1942, Kings Crown Press, NY


Personality in Handwriting, AO Mendel, 1947, Stephen Daye Press, NY


Handwriting Analysis, U Sonnemann, 1950, Allen & Unwin, London


Handwriting, A Key to Successful Living, HO Teltscher, 1942, GP Putnam, NY


*The Key to Handwriting Analysis, I Marcuse, 1962, Rolton House, NY, page 39.


Trattato…Scrittore, C Baldi, 1620, Bologna, Italy


Handschrift und Charakter, L Klages, 1940, Leipzig


Applied Graphology, I Marcuse, 1946, Macoy, NY


Handwriting, A Personality Projection, F Victor, 1945, Thomas, NY


*Graphology Handbook, C Casewit, 1980, Para Research, MA, page 39.


The Principle Trait Clusters for Describing Personality, R B Cattel, Psychological Bulletin, 42:129-161, 1945


*Handwriting Analysis, Thea Stein Lewinson, 1967, page 36, University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, MI.


*Handwriting & Personality, Ann Mahony, 1989, page 63.


*Write What's Wrong, Dr. Claude Santoy, 1992, page 12.


*Practical Character Analysis from Handwriting, Albert J. Smith, 1920, London, page11.


*What Handwriting Indicates, John Rexford, 1904, page 11.


*Handwriting Analysis, Dorothy Sara, 1967, page 98.


*The Elements of Graphology, Barry Branson, 1995, page 17.


*Handwriting as an Index to Character, very old book, no author or date of publication, London, page 3.

NOTE: An asterisk (*) denotes references stating either 1/8th inch or 3mm as the normal middle zone size or height.

Emergence Personality Theory - How We Find Wounds

What I am about to show you is the twelve categories of risky questions with which I find peoples' wounds. Straight to the heart, definitely risky, but powerfully charged questions. Know their power lies in the fact that the person can be symptom free and they still find wounds.

Now without further adieu (and setting aside for another time the theory which underlies these 12 categories), here they are. My twelve core strategies for locating wounds.

[ 1] Vivid Recall of a Painful Event: The First Category of Block Markers

[ 2] An Inability to Picture a Common Childhood Event: The Second Category of Block Markers

[ 3] Hating an Ordinary Life Event: The Third Category of Block Markers

[ 4] Under-reacting to a Loving Event: The Fourth Category of Block Markers

[ 5] Under-reacting to a Violent Event: The Fifth Category of Block Markers

[ 6] Having No Choice: The Sixth Category of Block Markers

[ 7] Feeling Urgency During Ordinary Life Events: The 7th Category of Block Markers

[ 8] Feeling Abandoned During Ordinary Life Events: The 8th Category of Block Markers

[ 9] Feeling Trapped During Nonviolent Life Events: The 9th Category of Block Markers

[10] Repeatedly Making the Same Painful Error: The 10th Category of Block Markers

[11] Feeling Markedly Older or Younger During Ordinary Life Events: The 11th Category of Block Markers

[12] Feeling Compelled to Do Ordinary Acts: The 12th Category of Block Markers

Let's start with the obvious; what is a Block Marker?

A Block Marker is a sort of mental pointer to a time during which you were once startled into blankness by a painful event. After which you have a sort of psychological hole in your ability to picture which functions a lot like a pot hole in a road. Literally, we all have these blank spots in our minds. Psychologically speaking, anyway. More important, these holes are the single most direct way to find our injuries.

Am I being too vague? Let me try an example. When I was a boy, two little girls in my class were standing in front of a store on a busy highway. A tractor trailer lost it's brakes and hit and killed one of them right in front of the other. No surprise that the little girl who was six at the time could not remember this happening. But because of what happened, she also had a blocked ability to picture tractor trailers. She literally could not bring one to mind ever when asked to make one up.

Of course, most of us will never have an event this terrible happen to us. Even so, we all have certain things we have lost the ability to visualize. Psychological pot holes in the roads in our minds so to speak. Moreover, this blocked ability to even imagine these things is the one thing all human wounds have in common. We cannot picture something about the event. Even if we know with certainty this thing happened to us. And even if we are asked to simply make this thing up.

Still confused? What I'm saying is, while human beings, by nature, prefer to use logic to explore their suffering, real healing lies not in logic but rather in exploring these visual blank spots. The places wherein we can no longer picture life even when asked to make it up. Ironically, we never notice the significance of this inability let alone that it is the single most important feature in all of talk therapy.

Know you can explore this visual paradox in depth by visiting my site at http://theemergencesite.com/Therapy/LearningAsATherapy-Wk070319.htm.

For now it is enough to know that these twelve categories of lost abilities to picture life exist. And that they are simply the best way to locate mental / emotional injuries.